Coffee is one of the world’s most valuableagricultural commodities. While transnationalcoffee corporations enjoy high profits, many ofthe world’s 25 million coffee-producinghouseholds experience poverty. In recentyears, coffee growers’ vulnerability hasincreased with market volatility, severe weatherevents, and political-economic crises. In thiscontext, farmer-owned cooperatives pursuingbetter prices have adopted certifications thatsupport societal-ethical goals, including fairtrade, environmental sustainability, and genderequity. Nevertheless, the efficacy ofcertifications to …
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